??? ????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????, ????????? ??? ???????????????? Purush, Purushartha and Purusharthas Duniyata in the context of Yoga philosophy

Abstract

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In Yoga philosophy, the purush element is presented as a central figure. Although both purush and prakriti are considered independent entities, the existence of purush is superior fundamentally. There are two distinctions of purush, one is the supreme i.e. God but the number of ordinary purush is said to be innumerable. The purush is said to be conscious and unconcerned, but due to ignorance, the purush merges himself with the Jada and the resulting Chitta. The purush starts experiencing himself as chitta after losing the wisdom, once the purush and the chitta get combined. This ignorance is the cause of all sorrows and tribulations of the purush. The purpose of Yoga philosophy is to liberate the purush  from this misery and ignorance. The same fact has been theoretically presented in Yoga philosophy as hey, hey-hetu, haan and hanopay. The purush gets liberation from sorrows through these four stages, thus it is called Chaturvyuhvaad in Yoga and the ultimate aim of yoga is to be free from this Chaturvyuhvaad. The philosophy of purush, purusharth and purusharth shunyata emerges in Yoga philosophy while discoursing Chaturvyuhvaad. Due to being ignorant, purush revolves within this worldly circle and experiences the stage of purusharth shunyata. The ultimate goal of purush is the attainment of Kaivalya. In yoga, purush is considered synonymous with the soul. Hence the soul which is numerous in number; that Kaivalya can be attained only when the three forms of grief are resolved by making effort for the Chaturvyuh. There are three forms of grief - adhyatmik, aadhibhautik and aadhidevik. Purushartha-shunyta is the stage above these tri- tapas. It is only after purushartha shunyta that purush has his own state of being. In yoga philosophy it is called Kaivalya or Moksha. In this research paper, the study of the principle of purusha, purushartha and purushartha shunyata as a means of liberation from the sorrows arising out of avidya under yoga philosophy.